SPECIAL EFFECTS IN CINEMA is a production workshop designed to introduce future film makers to the effects tools available to them in production and post production.
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Final composite placement of miniature tank and actors ready for the camera to roll.
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1. List the tools used in constructing Miniatures
Tools: Miniature Model or set piece, Stand to hold Miniature,
Wire, Glue, Cardboard, Balsa wood, Plaster, Plastic- kit parts.
2. List the Techniques for creating a miniature shot:
1. Preplan the shot.
2. Construct the set extension model.
3. Check camera field of view for close up and distant widths.
4. Construct the miniature.
5. Determine details to incorporate into the model.
6. Line up the miniature with set sight lines.
7. Check lighting and exposures.
8. If planning a pan the camera must be equipped with a special pan head on the tripod called a Nodal Point Pan
9. The use of forced perspective is the key to making the two sets combine and appear as one real location.
10. Hyper focal calculations must be made, to enable the camera to maintain focus on both planes of interest.
11. Snow can be made from Styrofoam.
12. With water the use of a wetting agent, Photo Flow, to break down the foam is used.
13. Miniature flames are best applied in post production from stock or created plates, (film loops).
14. Smoke, fog and rain effects are best done as post effects to maintain consistency of patterns.
15. Depending on the model, most lighting should be approached as if lighting the full sized set.
16. Angle of source light should match the full size set that is being combined with the miniature.
17. Match model lighting to normal lighting patterns falling on full sized sets and or locations.
18. Side lighting will bring out textures and detail in model houses with tile roof and slab sideboard construction.
19. Use more lamps of smaller wattage.
1. Action models, from the simple house with a light that comes on, to a ship at sea during a storm, require planning and scale considerations based on their task within the shot.
2. Action within a model shot that can be captured at “normal” speed, such as a light in a model turning on, can be used directly in a shot without speed considerations.
3. Where the script calls for crashing vehicles, or buildings being blown up, the models must be pre-filmed using high-speed camera systems. This is so the “action” can be scaled to the miniature.
4. The speed of the action in real life has to be calculated and then multiplied by the size relationship of the model.
5. When water & fire are called for it is essential that you construct models as large as possible.
6. For model buildings on fire it is sometimes better to employ smoke and light rather than actual flame.
7. Waves can be produced in tank shots, simply by paddling on opposite sides of the tank. Filming has to be at high speed to slow down the wave action.
8. In model water tanks the waves must not disturb the horizon, which should appear as a straight line.
9. Model boats can be filmed outdoors in ponds or lakes. If the viewpoint is a low one, the horizon presents trouble. One solution is to put down a layer of smoke on the water in the background. The smoke blends with the sky and gives the impression that the horizon is much lower than it really is.
10. Underwater shots of submarines can be filmed in the dry if the models are hung on wires in front of a green background.
11. Careful lighting creates the illusion that the vessel is actually under water, particularly if a water ripple is projected on the upper part of the backing and onto the submarine itself.
12. Photographing the model against a front or rear scenic projection of an underwater setting also works well.
posted by USC423 at 8:15 PM
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